Year of fee payment : 4. Year of fee payment : 8. A method of transferring data using a Trivial File Transport Protocol TFTP comprises sending a request packet from a client to a server, the request packet comprising a first TFTP option requesting that a segment of a grouping of data be transferred, and if an option acknowledgment packet comprising a second TFTP option corresponding to the first TFTP option is received at the client from the server, transferring the segment of the grouping of data as indicated in the second TFTP option using TFTP.
Also, standard TFTP only provides a means to request a file by file name. As a result, standard TFTP by itself is typically not used in applications where large files need to be transferred or where data that is not stored in a file system needs to be transferred.
One such application is the cross loading of data from one flight management computer FMC to another. Also, because modern flight management computers use large amounts of memory for example, one or more gigabytes , the size of the resulting memory images typically exceed the size of the buffers used in the TFTP software that is otherwise used for data loading.
The method comprises sending a request packet from a client to a server, the request packet comprising a first TFTP option requesting that a segment of a grouping of data be transferred, and if an option acknowledgment packet comprising a second TFTP option corresponding to the first TFTP option is received at the client from the server, transferring the segment of the grouping of data as indicated in the second TFTP option using TFTP.
Another embodiment is a system comprising a first node and a second node. The first and second nodes comprise a respective network interface to communicatively couple that node to the other node and a respective programmable processor coupled to the respective network interface, wherein the programmable processor executes software that includes TFTP software.
The TFTP software included in the first node is configured to send a read request packet from the first node to the second node, wherein the read request packet identifies data to be transferred from the second node to the first node and wherein the read request packet comprises a first TFTP option requesting that the second node specify a physical address where the first node should start storing the requested data. The TFTP software included in the second node is configured to receive the read request packet and if the TFTP software in the second node is able to satisfy the read request, the TFTP software included in the second node sends an option acknowledgment packet comprising a second TFTP option corresponding to the first TFTP option, wherein the second TFTP option specifies the physical address where the first node should start storing the requested data.
The TFTP software included in the first node is also configured to receive the option acknowledgment packet. The TFTP software included in the first node and the TFTP software included in the second node are configured to transfer the requested data from the second node to the first node.
The TFTP software included in the first node is configured to store the transferred data at the first node starting at the physical address. In another embodiment, a program product for transferring data using a Trivial File Transport Protocol TFTP comprises a processor-readable medium on which program instructions are embodied, wherein the program instructions are operable, when executed by at least one programmable processor included in a device, to cause the device to receive a request packet comprising a first TFTP option requesting that a segment of a grouping of data be transferred, the request packet being sent from a client.
If the device is able to satisfy the request, the program product causes the device to send an option acknowledgment packet comprising a second TFTP option to the client that corresponds to the request packet and transfer the segment using TFTP for storage at one of the device and the client. The details of various embodiments of the claimed invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. Each node includes an appropriate network interface to communicatively couple the respective node to the network In one implementation of such an embodiment, the network is implemented, at least in part, using an Ethernet local area network LAN. In the embodiment shown in FIG. Although the storage media is shown in FIG. Each node also includes memory for storing the program instructions and any related data during execution by the programmable processor Memory comprises, in one implementation, any suitable form of random access memory RAM now known or later developed, such as dynamic random access memory DRAM.
In other embodiments, other types of memory are used. Each node further includes one or more input devices that are communicatively coupled to the respective programmable processor by which a user is able to provide input to that programmable processor Examples of input devices include a keyboard, keypad, touch-pad, pointing device, button, switch, and microphone. Each node also includes one or more output devices that are communicatively coupled to the respective programmable processor Each programmable processor is able to output information or data to a user on or using one or more of the output devices Examples of output devices include visual output devices such as liquid crystal displays LCDs or light emitting diodes LEDs or audio output devices such as speakers.
In one example, a file is transferred from one node to a second node and is stored on a storage medium in the second node using a file system. In another example, a memory image that is, the contents of the memory transferred from one node to a second node and is stored on in the memory of the second node For purposes of illustration, only one of the nodes shown in FIG.
However, it is to be understood that a node can act as both a TFTP server and TFTP client, depending on the particular application for which the system is intended. The TFTP server software can be implemented, for example, as a daemon or other background service or process. Also, at least a part of the TFTP client software can be implemented as a library or other similar mechanism that other software for example, application-layer software can link to in order to use the TFTP client software to carry out the client side of the TFTP protocol.
The file segment option functionality is used to implement a TFTP option extension for transferring a single larger grouping of data for example, a file or memory image in multiple segments, each of the file segments being transferred in a separate TFTP session. In this particular embodiment, the file address option is only valid for use with read requests and not write requests. The file address option is useful in applications where the client node does not use a file system to store the data that is being transferred using TFTP.
One example of such an application is using TFTP for cross loading memory images since a memory image is stored in memory without using a file system.
In the absence of such file address option functionality , some software or other mechanism outside of TFTP would typically need to be used in order to use TFTP to transfer data not stored in a file system.
For example, in the absence of the file address option functionality described here, if TFTP were to be used for cross loading memory images, software outside of TFTP would typically need to somehow associate the memory image or an address of the memory image with a file name and share such association with the TFTP client.
It allows file transfer options to be negotiated prior to the transfer using a mechanism that is consistent with the request packet format used in standard TFTP.
Each option the server recognizes, and accepts the value for, is included in the OACK. If a server implementation does not support option negotiation, the server will likely ignore any options appended to the TFTP client's request. The file segment option shown in FIG. The opcode field , file name field , and mode field are used in the manner specified for standard TFTP.
For example, the opcode field is used to indicate what type of request is being made with the request packet As defined in standard TFTP, a 1 is stored in the opcode field if a file read request is being made and a 2 is stored in the opcode field if a file write request is being made. The name of the file being transferred is stored in the filename field After the mode field , any number of options can be appended to the TFTP request packet In this example, a file segment option is appended to the TFTP request packet The file segment option includes an option field and a value field The option field includes a predetermined string that identifies that the file segment option should be used to carry out the requested file transfer.
The value field comprises a string that comprises multiple sub-fields. One exemplary embodiment of the formatting of the value field for the file segment option is shown in FIG. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. The mode sub-field is used to store one of a set of predetermined sub-strings that indicate how the start of the segment to be transferred is identified. In the particular embodiment described here, the file segment option supports two modes—a relative mode that indicates that the value stored in the offset sub-field is an offset relative to the start of the file that the segment is a part of which is identified in the file name field and an absolute mode that indicates that the value stored in the offset field is an absolute address for the start of the segment to be transferred.
In this particular embodiment, only one address space can be used with the absolute mode and the TFTP client and TFTP server need to agree a priori as to what particular address space is to be used with the absolute mode.
In other embodiments, additional information can be exchanged by the TFTP client and TFTP server that identifies the particular address space to be used with the absolute mode. The absolute mode can be used, for example, to specify an address within the address space of a physical memory space for example, within memory in connection with transferring a segment of a memory image since the memory image will typically not have a file name associated with it and the file name field will not include a valid file name.
The relative mode can be used, for example, where the file name field stores a valid file name. The offset sub-field comprises a sub-string that contains either a relative offset if relative mode is specified in the mode sub-field or an absolute address if absolute mode is specified in the mode sub-field The file size sub-field of the file segment option , when used in a TFTP request packet , comprises a sub-string that contains the maximum file size that can be handled by the TFTP client making the request.
In some implementations, this value is dictated by the size of a buffer used in the TFTP client. Open ports allow devices to send information through them, while closed ports block all traffic. Ring products only function properly if the required ports are open outbound from your router.
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The TFTP client connects to the server on localhost. In this example, I turned on verbose output by entering the verbose command. This will tell the client to show the transfer progress, and more details about the errors, if any. Using the get command, you can download a file from TFTP server.
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